5 Types of Civil Engineering Projects

The article describes 5 types of civil engineering projects and is devoted to providing the reader with the most efficient information on civil engineering.

There are many types of construction, but one of the most sought-after industries is civil engineering.

The main specialization of this area is the construction of objects, buildings, and structures that are related to non-production economic structures. Civil engineering structures include such types of facilities as residential buildings, dormitories, schools, lyceums, etc.

Basically, civil engineering plays one of the most important social roles in the modern world. Thanks to this industry we can significantly improve the quality of life of the population. But it is worth to admit that civil engineering covers too many branches each of which is responsible for a particular kind of construction. Some types of civil engineering projects are independent branches and are classified by the objects (buildings and structures), by type of service or by engineering support . So, what are civil engineering projects and key branches of construction?

Construction and Management Engineering

This is engineering in the construction industry covering all phases of the implementation of investment and construction projects : design, construction, operation of facilities. Civil engineers are responsible for the safety of modern society. Their knowledge should not be limited only to the latest achievements of science and technology, but also engineers have to take into consideration the aesthetic and social aspects of construction.

So, construction engineers apply the methods of construction, equipment, and principles of planning, organizing, financing, managing and operating construction enterprises. They coordinate and motivate different people and organizations involved in a complex construction project. They are involved in the design of bridges, buildings, roads, and railways.

By means of computer analysis, the specialists determine the forces that projected objects must withstand (their own weight, wind strength, earthquake, etc.) and, accordingly, choose a structural type and suitable materials.

Transport Engineering

Transport engineers plan, measure, and design transportation systems , for example, smooth and stationary traffic systems for road and rail passenger and freight traffic and related infrastructure. For the development or updating the road and rail network, they draw up plans for new routes or for fully automatic train control systems. To ensure the smooth movement of traffic, engineers create route and circulation plans for rail and bus transport, organization of vehicle maintenance and develop proposals for optimizing traffic. In addition, transport engineers develop strategies for optimal interaction between public transport, rail, aviation, inland waterways, as well as individual vehicles, cycling, and pedestrian traffic.

In the field of transport technology, transport engineers develop and design railway vehicles. They prepare tenders, work on service descriptions and create quotas. In the area of traffic load research, they estimate traffic data and develop future traffic forecasts.

It is worth to admit that there is the Association of Transportation Engineers which is the consolidation of specialists in the development of transport systems and ensuring its effective functioning and can be considered to be one of the modern civil engineering projects. The Association promotes the application of the principles of planning and modeling of traffic flows to improve the functioning and development of transport systems through improving the quality of transport planning, developing the skills of transport engineers, and bringing together everyone who plans, models, forecasts and manages traffic flows. Thanks to this Association, improved and successful system of bus stops in big cities was created.

Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical engineering is a scientific discipline about the properties, structure, and dynamics of geological environments, their rational use, and protection in relation to engineering and economic activities of man.

The main tasks of engineering geology include the study of modern morphology and patterns in the formation of various engineering and geological conditions, the creation of forecasts of their changes as a result of engineering and economic activities of human; development of engineering and geological studies of protective measures to ensure the rational use of territories and their subsoil, as well as the development of recommendations for the implementation of environmental protection in the process of their use.

The object of geotechnical engineering is the upper horizons of the earth's crust, studied in special engineering-geological terms. The subject of geotechnical engineering is the knowledge about the morphology, dynamics and regional features of the upper horizons of the earth's crust (lithosphere) and their interaction with engineering structures (elements of the technosphere) in connection with the implemented current or planned human engineering activities.

In complex studies, engineers determine soil physical indicators, which is the basis for future buildings and engineering structures (regardless of the designation of facilities), environmental conditions in the area chosen for construction, indicators for laying communication networks, and also receive information on the sustainability factors of different types of soil.

Water Engineering

Water engineering provides us with natural and technical knowledge to solve engineering, construction and operational problems in the field of water management in various hydrological, hydraulic, geotechnical and environmental conditions. The engineers are engaged in flood and drought protection, design, construction and operation of hydropower, water supply, and sewage facilities, operation of water supply and wastewater facilities using modern computer technology.

One of the most efficient civil engineering projects in this field is the London water supply. Over the course of many decades, the municipal sector and numerous enterprises in London and its environs produced water by themselves, for which deep wells were drilled. Relatively recently, since the late 1960s, with the introduction of an integrated water supply system and the construction of a ground-based water supply system from sources located far beyond London, this practice has undergone significant changes. Consequently, it has led to several problems the solution of which is developed by a local company. The company “Thames Water,” which supplies water to more than 12 million people in and around London, has found a solution that gives the city a new source of water. At the moment, the company has already invested 8 million pounds in the implementation of its project, which envisages the construction of four new carefully controlled pumps in the south and east of the city. The authors of the project claim that these stations will extract up to 20 million liters of drinking water per day, which will make it possible to provide water to about 130,000 residents of the capital.

Structural Engineering

Structural engineering implies not only purely technical work but works with architecture and design. In general, these industries allow to coordinate and control construction work along with other construction activities.

Persons working in construction engineering are also engaged in the selection of building materials and technologies. They review and approve projects, drawings which can manage budgets, equipment, etc. By all these industries and construction work means a lot of control.

In general, civil engineering is a very complex structure that cannot be mastered immediately. But engineering has great prospects for development. Engineering of the future and has projects and technologies that are doomed to successful use in the world.

The main advantage of civil engineering is that it is constantly practiced, and therefore, it develops and brings many scientific and technical discoveries to the modern world.